Abstract
To assess and rehabilitate degraded forests are global challenges. Due to the various causes and severity of degradation, they typically show a very diverse structure, which makes acquiring a detailed inventory, as a first step toward rehabilitation measures, difficult and costly. Area-based inventories based on satellite imagery are a well-established methodology to assess and classify the forest cover, but the information obtained is often not detailed enough to fulfil the needs of site-adapted rehabilitation in degraded forests with a highly diverse structure. Furthermore, due to the great variability of the forest structure, a great number of ground sample plots are necessary to establish statistically sound predictions of structural parameters. We propose to test a real mission in Azores Island, based on the typical pico-satellites architectures, after provide some strategies to create a new architecture design and predict power consumption, based on the sentences of low-power, very small scale, low-cost and very integrated system.
Keywords
pico-Satellites, Reduce Power Consumption, ESP32, Raspberry Pi, Microcontrollers, Very Small Scale, Low-Power, SoC, Predictive Model; Data Mining
I. Introduction
New technologies, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or balloons or pico-satellite – CANSAT missions, allow the acquisition of detailed images, but until now they are mostly used to estimate forest attributes only in small scale applications, and if a precise Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is available, since optical sensors cannot sense terrain under dense canopy covers. However, the frequent canopy gaps on degraded forests would allow the partial assessment of the terrain, and the combination of wall-to-wall satellite imagery with partial cover UAV imagery would allow larger scale inventories of acceptable accuracy and reliability without the need for an increased number of ground sample plots. Another fundamental part is integrate radio communications part in UAV, balloons like it use in pico-satellites, so it means that not only the process to put in the air and stay (UAV, balloons or pico- satellites) to covered some area is important, but also the capacity to communicate to the ground or between the “air devices” and Internet of Thing (IoT) all the conditions to be integrated in that devices using standard cellular radio technology like 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Recognizing the importance of IoT, 3GPP has introduced a number of key features for IoT in its latest release, Rel-13. EC-GSM-IoT [1] and LTE-MTC [2] aim to enhance existing Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) [3] and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) [4] networks, respectively, for better serving IoT use cases. Coverage extension, complexity reduction in the devices, long battery lifetime, and backward compatibility are common objectives. A third track, Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) [5], shares these objectives as well. In addition, NB-IoT aims to offer deployment flexibility allowing an operator to introduce NB-IoT using a small portion of its existing available spectrum. NB-IoT is designed mainly targeting ultra-low-end IoT applications. NB-IoT is a new 3GPP radio-access technology in the sense that it is not fully backward compatible with existing 3GPP devices. In this paper we present results about a real mission, based on CANSAT concept, in Santa Maria Island in Azores and we discuss about other new technologies focus on low-power, low-cost, very small scale and technologies that support reconfigurable part to give more modularity in the hardware and a very integrated.
Luís Pires
INETE – Instituto de Educação Técnica
Para ler o artigo ou dossier completo faça a subscrição da revista e obtenha gratuitamente o link de download da revista “robótica” nº133. Pode também solicitar apenas este artigo através do email: a.pereira@cie-comunicacao.pt
